Common Position Changes of Collocated VLBI and GPS Stations

Yavor CHAPANOV, Mila ATANASOVA, Bulgaria SUMMARY The modern geodetic observations, based on high-accuracy space techniques, provide decadal time series of station coordinates. These time series...

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The French Approach to Modernize Its Vertical Reference

Françoise DUQUENNE, Alain COULOMB et François L'ECU, France SUMMARY IGN (French Geographical Institute or Institut national de l’information gÃ...

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Implementing Geometric and Geophysical Datums for the United States in 2022

Daniel ROMAN, U.S.A.SUMMARY Use of GNSS-accessed geospatial data has proliferated not only within the surveying community but also into many related and dependent fields of work. These requirements...

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Re-Establishment of Geodetic Networks at General Commission for Survey Saudi Arabia

SUMMARY This is a summary on the present state of geodetic activities carried out at the General Commission for Survey (GCS), Saudi Arabia. General Commission for Survey has the responsibility of d...

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