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João HESPANHA, Portugal; Silvane PAIXÃO, Brazil; Tarun GHAWANA, India;
Jaap ZEVENBERGEN, The Netherlands; Andrea F.T. CARNEIRO, Brazil
SUMMARY
Given the ever growing needs of Natural Resources imposed through economic development,
particularly demanding in the last two decades, a number of environmental and socioeconomic
issues have arisen. These include growing rates of deforestation, environmental
pollution of soils, air and water, and also the resettlement or even eviction of poor and / or
indigenous populations caused by changes in land use and economic reasons as mining,
lumbering, oil exploration and other uses. This is often the case in countries with multiple
ethnic groups, at different cultural development stages, and that at the same time possess rich
natural resources, namely, with significant portions of the territory covered with tropical
rainforests. In reaction to these issues, governments defined new policies, resumed in Acts,
Laws and Regulations involving a number of relevant agencies. These policies have the aim,
in general, to protect the environment and to achieve a sustainable development, through the
protection of Indigenous Peoples Land Rights.
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